Kobiljohn Zoidov is a mathematician. He graduated from the mechanico - mathematical faculty applied mathematics department, under the Tajik State University. He is engaged in the researches beset with theories of crisis, employment of mathematical theories in regard to crisis and catastrophes. He published over 60 scientific works. At present he works at a doctoral dissertation "Transformational crisis in the economy of Russia and Tajikistan: Qualification, Analysis, Dynamics, Problems of mathematical modeling, Ways of Overcoming". He is a permanent representative of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan in the Russian Academy of Sciences. He was a visiting fellow on probation in central economico-mathematical institutes, the Institute of "Problems of Market and Economics". Being in Khujand in transit he visited our editorial office.

- Kobiljohn Khojievich, when you spoke on the links of mathematical with politics and economics I memorized immediately the theme of Your dissertation and payed attention to its title. Please, will You explain what is "The theory of crisis and catastrophes"?
- "The theory of crisis and catastrophes" is dwelt under the angel of the laws of nature and society evolution. A synonymical expression is "theory of cycles". Let us treat this problem from the point of view of biology: life origin, evolution moving towards supreme forms and return backwards. The same processes take place in economics. There exist cycles not only in macroeconomics, not only in some technology, but in political life of a society either - these are the problems I deal with.
- Always, when we pronounced the word "Tajikistan" we implied, first of all, our motherland, our town, our home, but over the latest years the word "Tajikistan" is associated with the notion "transitional crisis". What is Your outlook as to this?
- First of all, I must mention that there is no progressive movement without crises. The latters not always mean a bad thing because they engender problems and problems, in their turn, induce a society to cogitate over their solution. After the collapse of the USSR we found ourselves in the deepest crisis. When we were engaged in elaboration of mathematical models of economic processed in our computing center it turned out that economic accretion tempos were declining disastrously; subsequently, the goals aimed at restoration and production level growth should be advanced as those of the obvious fact that the disintegration of the USSR was preceded chiefly by political processes.
- This year our country celebrated the 12-th anniversary of its independence, but up to now we can't cope with the aftermath of transitial phenomena beset with the crisis. What are objective and subjective reasons accounting for it, why doesn't our economy go upwards, what should be done to surmount this situation?
- In the Soviet epoch Tajikistan was the republic of a single agricultural crop, that of cotton. The loss of the market caused by the broken economic ties gave rise to the crisis. One should add that Tajikistan doesn't possess adequate deposits of oil and gas; into the bargain, mountains occupy 93% of its territory, so arable lands can't be extended. Of course, we have mineral resources. But their tapping and subsequent extraction require considerable capital investments. So, this drive is exceedingly problematic. Consequentially, we must utilize the resources we have in exuberance. I mean, first and foremost, labour force and intellectual potential - these two items being our starting point. Hereby, intellectual factor ought to be in the focus of consideration being of great effect.
- We know that for a long time you have been working in Moscow where your fate brought you, that a lot is done for the development of science in Tajikistan. But we also know you as one of our influential compatriots who does a lot for our co-citizens in Russia. Now a significant part of our intellectuals, first of all, our scientific human resources, found themselves beyond the boundaries of the republic. Are there any scientists in Tajikistan now we may lay account with?
- Over the last time not only specialists, but representative of scientific intelligentsia were compelled to leave the country. Low wages account for it primarily. Let us invoke the Soviet Union history. Why did Stalin manage to raise economics fairly quickly after the years of the civil war and total devastation? Because scientific potential was the country is first consideration. Significant capital investment into scientific elaboration and technologies resulted in accelerated tempos of development. Bear in mind, tens of institutes researching concrete branches, small scientific towns were launched. That is the answer to your question what role science plays in economics.
So, we mustn't "invent a bicycle" in Tajikistan. Creation of endurable working conditions, worthy material insurance for representative of science, elevation of science prestige upon the whole - this is the way we ought to pursue. Of cause, we understand perfectly well that all these problems can't be solved hourly. Here we need a well - cogitated, long-term telic state programmer which would take into consideration the experience and opinions of our scientific cadres when transforming them. And, to my mind, such an approach will bring fruits in due time. As for scientists loving their country, being sensitive to its hardships, they are big in number and they are prompt to apply their knowledge and professional experience for their people's benefit. One should only create proper conditions for them, activize scientific life. Ate support of progressive technologies, scientific researches. There are no desperate situations scientific potential - this is a foothold, which may help to clamber out of the impasse. I don't see other way out for the present.
- You defined the place and significance of science in surmounting the crisis in a clear-cut manner that should be accepted unanimously. Who constitutes the scientific potential you dwelt on? Who might contribute into the solution of the problems we have a good deal of? I mean those scientists who remained in Tajikistan?
- In the course of centuries our nation was pursuing the way of cognition, we may even say that Tajiks were always devoted to science. We have such people in the country today too. First of all, I shall call the name of the president of our Academy Ulmas Mirsaidov. In spite of financial and material difficult the Tajik science is faced with he does his best, the possible and the impossible, to retain scientific potential, to support scientists, to promote perspective researches; to put it briefly - he is a man of science.
I recall the words of the great philosopher of ancient Greece, that of Socrates, who linked mathematics with the category of "the good". Let us think: in what way does the Eastern philosophy differ from the Western one?
The Western philosophy is based on the two substances - consciousness and being. But the Eastern philosophy leans on the paramount categories: "the good" and "the evil". And mathematical as a science and constituent of philosophy is connected with the concept of the good. In this aspect it is very important that the state and society had a national mathematics school with its own traditions and talented scientists. Among the latters I would call the great scientist, academician Abduhamid Juraev, and Zafar Usmonov, who organized the computing center under the institute of mathematics in the Soviet period yet.
The question may arouse: what for? The mater is, mathematics is, first of all, the world of numbers and figures. And if we learn to understand, learn to study this world, we shall be able to use it dealing with economic and social processes and an exactly computed mathematical base will afford to work out the programmer of overcoming the crisis situation in the country. No few young promising scientists worked in the computer center in the Soviet times yet. Zafar Usmonov's merit lies in the fact that he granted opportunities for them, they went to the best scientific centers of the Soviet Union as visiting fellows. About 60 specialists having been on probation (and many of them defended dissertations) took too mathematical modeling in different branches of science. Alongside with the abovementioned scholars I would like to call the name of academicians Kamoliddin Boymatov, Nusrat Rajabov, Ergahs Muhammadiyev and many others.
- Kobiljon Khojievich, you are sure to have been aware of the problem beset with labouring migration concerned with the population of Tajikistan; people go to earn their living in CIS countries, advantageously in Russia. What will you say in reference to this issue - is it a positive or a negative point for the state and national economy?
- As I have already told at the beginning of our talk, Tajikistan has the only resource at its disposal, that of labour force. But due to the concatenation of circumstances we have a surplus of these resources. Therefore, I look upon labouring migration and control must be present. One ought to enforce order into this spontaneously evolving process, to create a legal - normative base, to conduct a sweeping informative work on the rights and duties of migrants. After al, the state can and must obtain respective revenues. I shall say even more: migration always was and will be serving for the state benefit. Working on other countries our compatriots gain necessary economic and juridical knowledge, they master new profession and on returning home everything acquired by them, their experience, habits and abilities, will be applied for our mutual welfare.
- Thank you.